BATTERY ELECTRIC TRAMS - VIDEO SOURCES AND NOTES

‘Alternative Tram Energy’. Fares Please. Ballarat Tramway Museum. June 2018. https://www.btm.org.au/Fares_Please/2018/1806fp.pdf

‘The Bendigo Tramways Story’. Bendigo Tramways. https://www.bendigotramways.com/images/stories/pdf/thebendigotramwaystory.pdf

Melbourne Tram Museum. 7 July 2020. https://www.facebook.com/MelbourneTramMuseum/posts/some-electric-trams-dont-need-wiresthis-julien-patent-electric-traction-system-t/3232380690139155/

Train_Video, ‘High Speed rail High speed train’. 5 May 2018. Pixabay. https://pixabay.com/videos/high-speed-rail-high-speed-train-15954/

MahmudModi, ‘Train railway street urban’. 25 August 2022. Pixabay. https://pixabay.com/videos/tram-railway-street-urban-128833/

Maddocks, Tom, ‘Canberra’s light rail extension to be wireless despite ‘significant’ retro-fitting cost increase’. 18 February 2020. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-02-18/canberra-light-rail-2a-to-be-wireless-despite-cost-increase/11974872

‘Battery electric tram [B 5468] • Photograph’. State Library of South Australia. 10 January 1889. https://collections.slsa.sa.gov.au/resource/B+5468

‘Class ‘A’ Tram’. Metropolitan Transit Authority of Victoria. VicSig. 13 May 1986. https://vicsig.net/trams/diagrams/r12-062.pdf

‘Wabtec’s battery-electric locomotive lowered full train fuel consumption by more than 11% in BNSF California pilot’. Green Car Congress. 18 May 2021. https://www.greencarcongress.com/2021/05/20210518-wabtech.html

Groeneveld, Matthias, ‘Man Cycling Train Railroad Railway’. 25 September 2022. Pixabay. https://pixabay.com/videos/man-cycling-train-railroad-railway-132313/

‘Battery tech breakthrough paves way for mass adoption of affordable electric car’. Science Daily. 12 October 2022. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/10/221012132511.htm

Parker, Bev. ‘ Electric Tramcars in the Black Country’. Wolverhampton History & Heritage Website. http://www.historywebsite.co.uk/articles/publictransport/electrictrams.htm

‘Recharge d’un tram à accumulateur TPDS à Pont de Puteaux’. Scanné par Claude Shoshany. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Recharge_d%27un_tram_%C3%A0accumulateur_TPDS%C3%A0_Pont_de_Puteaux.jpg

‘Julien Tram, Melbourne [B 34583] • Photograph’. State Libarary of South Australia. 1888. https://collections.slsa.sa.gov.au/resource/B+34583

THE ELECTRIC TRAMWAY SYSTEM. (1887, October 3). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 4. Retrieved January 31, 2023, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28350576

ELECTRIC TRAM WAYS. (1889, July 1). The Brisbane Courier (Qld. : 1864 - 1933), p. 5. Retrieved January 31, 2023, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3498117

Neurdein, ‘File:ND 559 - PARIS - La Place Péreire et l’Avenue de Villiers (Détail).JPG’. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ND_559-_PARIS-La_Place_P%C3%A9reire_et_l%27Avenue_de_Villiers(D%C3%A9tail).JPG

‘Australia’s First Electric Tramway’, Doncaster & Templestowe Historical Society. 1890. https://dt-hs.blogspot.com/2021/06/australias-first-electric-tramway-scott.html

‘Scenes in Collins Street on bank Monday, [Melbourne,Vic.]’. 1 June 1893. State Library of Victoria. http://handle.slv.vic.gov.au/10381/423769

THE BENDIGO ADVERTISER (1890, September 22). Bendigo Advertiser (Vic. : 1855 - 1918), p. 2. Retrieved January 31, 2023, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article88644714

Bachrach, Louis, ‘Thomas Alva Edison, three-quarter length portrait, seated, facing front’. 1922. Library of Congress. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thomas_Edison2.jpg’’;

‘Thomas Edison, right, Henry Ford, fourth from right, and others at display of Edison Storage Battery cells at Panama-Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco’. US National Park Service. 1915. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thomas_Edison,right,_Henry_Ford,_fourth_from_right,_and_others_at_display_of_Edison_Storage_Battery_cells_at_Panama-Pacific(9b1ae5f8f30c485e9da56afb4cf3e21e).jpg

User:z22, ‘Thomas Edison’s nickel–iron batteries’. 28 April 2013. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thomas_Edison%27s_nickel%E2%80%93iron_batteries.jpg

‘Thomas Edison and Captain W. Langdon, Bailey Co. test driver and Frank McGuiness, Edison Co. Engineer.’. US National Park Service. 1910. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thomas_Edison_and_Captain_W.Langdon,_Bailey_Co._test_driver_and_Frank_McGuiness,_Edison_Co._Engineer.(fbd8c38592b947da99296f75bcd59791).jpg

’ Thomas Alva Edison with his Nickel Iron Battery in 1910’. 1910. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edison-ni-fe.jpg

‘Thomas Edison with trolley car powered by Edison Storage Batteries’. US National Park Service. 1913. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thomas_Edison_with_trolley_car_powered_by_Edison_Storage_Batteries._(769d6259e7da471da10b766958b4bde0).jpg

‘Thomas Edison riding trolley car powered by Edison Storage Battery’. US National Park Service. 1913. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thomas_Edison_riding_trolley_car_powered_by_Edison_Storage_Battery._(8ec6bc4e44d14807bee0437c8366188a).jpg

’ Image from page 267 of “Electric railway journal” (1908)’. Electric Railway Journal. Smithsonian Libraries. Internet Archive. Flickr. https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/14736423546

Whelan, M & Kornrumpf, W, ‘Trolleys, Light Rail and Subways’. Edison Tech Centre. https://edisontechcenter.org/TrolleysTrams.html

‘Edison battery exhibit, 1915’. US National Parks Service. 1915. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edison_battery_exhibit,_1915.jpg

‘EDISON’S NEW BATTERY’. (1909, August 16). Lithgow Mercury (NSW : 1898 - 1954), p. 1. Retrieved January 31, 2023, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article218476939

‘Report of the Royal Commission Appointed to Inquire and Report Upon The Railway and Tramway Systems of Melbourne and Suburbs’, Parliament of Victoria. 1911. https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1911No39.pdf

“METROPOLITAN TRAMWAYS.” Bendigo Advertiser (Vic. : 1855 - 1918) 11 January 1916: 2. Web. 1 Feb 2023 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article89936896.

‘Electrische tram in Melbourne Tram Car’. Rijksmuseum Amsterdam. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Electrische_tram_in_Melbourne_Tram_Car_(titel_op_object),_RP-F-F18408.jpg

‘New South Wales Government Railways’. State Archives & Records. New South Wales Government. 1 January 1950. https://www.records.nsw.gov.au/image/16410_a111_6_000059

‘Hansard Parliamentary Debates First Session 1911 Legislative Council and Legislative Assembly’. 1911. https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/images/stories/historical_hansard/VicHansard_19110705_19110719.pdf

ELECTRIC TRAINS. Storage-Battery System. (1913, April 12). Casino and Kyogle Courier and North Coast Advertiser (NSW : 1904 - 1932), p. 3. Retrieved February 1, 2023, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233715777

EDISON STORAGE BATTERY. (1911, November 23). The Sun (Sydney, NSW : 1910 - 1954), p. 8 (FINAL EXTRA). Retrieved February 1, 2023, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article221531744

STIRRING UP KEW (1914, February 26). The Herald (Melbourne, Vic. : 1861 - 1954), p. 4. Retrieved February 1, 2023, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article241659277

Jackes, T, ‘Melbourne’s next generation trams could be trackless with rubber wheels’. 2 May 2021. The Age. https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/melbourne-s-next-generation-trams-could-be-trackless-with-rubber-wheels-20210422-p57ldr.html

Mozes, T J, ‘Sevilla Spain Traffic Tram Seville’. 28 January 2020. Pixabay. Video by Tibor Janosi Mozes from Pixabay. https://pixabay.com/videos/sevilla-spain-traffic-tram-seville-31510/

‘World’s First Wireless Electric Tram Line Undergoes Testing’. InCompliance. 17 November 2014. https://incompliancemag.com/worlds-first-wireless-electric-tram-line-undergoes-testing/

‘The first tramway to be powered by on-board batteries inaugurated in Nice (France)’. Alstom. 27 November 2007. https://www.alstom.com/press-releases-news/2007/11/The-first-tramway-to-be-powered-by-on-board-batteries-inaugurated-in-Nice-France-20071127

‘Exposition nationale de Bruxelles en 1880’. Illustrated London News. 1880. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Exposition_nationale_de_Bruxelles_en_1880.jpg

‘The Street railway journal (1906)’. 1884. The Street Railway Journal. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Street_railway_journal_(1906)_(14572202559).jpg

Wkmarco, ‘Milan M1 train fourth-rail contact shoe’. 19 November 2018. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Milan_M1_train_fourth-rail_contact_shoe.jpg